Today in History in 1905 the formula E=mc squared is introduced, devised by Albert Einstein.

The On This Day In History archives at “Simple English Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia” contains over 200,000 events, birthdays and deaths from 6,000 years of history. Here is a roundup of a few of them:

September 27 is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 95 days remaining until the end of the year.

EVENTS

1066 – William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the Somme River, beginning the Norman Conquest of England.

1422 – After the brief Gollub War, the Teutonic Knights sign the Treaty of Melno with the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

1529 – The Siege of Vienna begins, as Suleiman I attacks the city.

1540 – The Society of Jesus receives its charter from Pope Paul III.

1590 – The death of Pope Urban VII ends the shortest papacy in history, lasting just 13 days.

1605 – The armies of Sweden are defeated by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Battle of Kirchholm.

1777 – Lancaster, Pennsylvania is the capital city of the United States for a day.

1821 – Mexico gains independence from Spain.

1822 – Jean-François Champollion announces that he has deciphered the Rosetta Stone.

1825 – The Stockton and Darlington Railway opens in northern England, having the first service of locomotive-hauled passenger trains.

1854 – Steamship SS Arctic sinks with 300 people on board in the Atlantic Ocean.

1865 – Chile declares war on Spain.

1903 – The "Wreck of the Old 97" train crash occurs near Danville, Virginia, killing 11 people (including one who later died on October 6), and injuring 7. The crash later becomes well known through songs and musical pieces.

1905 – The formula E=mc squared is introduced, devised by Albert Einstein.

1908 – The first production of the Ford Model T automobile is built at the Piquette Plant in Detroit, Michigan.

1916 – Iyasu V is officially deposed in a palace coup in Ethiopia, in favor of his aunt, Zauditu.

1922 – Constantine I of Greece abdicates the throne. His eldest son succeeds him as George II of Greece.

1928 – The Republic of China is recognised by the United States.

1930 – Bobby Jones wins the US Amateur Championship to complete the Grand Slam of winning all the major golf tournaments of the year.

1937 – The Balinese Tiger is declared extinct.

1938 – The ocean liner Queen Elizabeth is launched in Glasgow, Scotland.

1940 – World War II: Germany, Japan and Italy sign the "Tripartite Pact".

1942 – World War II: Last day of the September Matanikau action on Guadalcanal as United States Marine Corps troops barely escapes after being surrounded by Japanese forces near the Matanikau River.

1949 – The design of the Flag of the People's Republic of China (which is founded on October 1) is accepted by the National People's Congress.

1957 – In the Azores, the Capelinho volcano erupts on the island of Faial. 300 homes are destroyed and 2,000 people are evacuated.

1959 – Almost 5,000 people are killed when a typhoon strikes the island of Honshu, Japan.

1961 – Sierra Leone joins the UN.

1968 – The stage musical Hair opens at the Shaftesbury Theatre in London.

1973 – The Soviet Union launches the Soyuz 12 spacecraft.

1979 – The United States Department of Education receives final approval from the United States Congress to become the 13th US cabinet agency.

1983 – Richard Stallman announces the GNU Project.

1987 – In Cairo, Egypt, the first Metro line in Africa is opened.

1988 – Canadian athlete Ben Johnson is stripped of his Olympic gold medal, after failing a drug test.

1993 – The Sokhumi massacre takes place in Abkhazia.

1996 – Afghan forces are routed as the Taleban seizes control of Kabul.

1997 – The Julie N tanker ship crashes into the Million Dollar Bridge in Portland, Maine, spilling hundreds of gallons of oil.

1997 – Communication is lost with the Mars Pathfinder Probe.

1998 – Google is founded.

1998 – Gerhard Schröder is elected Chancellor of Germany, succeeding Helmut Kohl.

2001 – In Zug, Switzerland, Friedrich Leibacher shoots 18 people, of which 14 are killed. He then kills himself.

2002 – East Timor joins the UN.

2003 – The Smart 1 satellite is launched.

2005 – Tom and Jerry airs its 162nd, and last, episode.

2007 – NASA launches the Dawn probe.

2008 – Zhai Zhigang becomes the first Chinese astronaut to perform a space walk.

2009 – German Parliamentary Election: Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel of the CDU is allowed to serve a second term in office, after defeating SPD candidate Frank-Walter Steinmeier. She enters into a coalition with the Free Democrats under Guido Westerwelle.

2014 – The Mount Ontake volcano in Japan erupts.